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A virus is essentially dna or rna surrounded by a coat of what?

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protein

The answer is actually no.  A virus is essentially DNA or RNA surrounded by a coat of protein   Figure below  . It is not made of a cell , and cannot maintain a stable internal environment   homeostasis  . Recall that a cell is the basic unit of living organisms. So if a virus is not made of at least one cell, can it be living? Viruses also cannot reproduce on their ownthey need to infect a host cell to reproduce. So a virus is very different from any of the organisms that fall into the three domains of life.

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