radioisotope
A radioisotope has atoms with unstable nuclei. Unstable nuclei naturally decay, or break down. They lose energy and particles and become more stable. As nuclei decay, they gain or lose protons, so the atoms become different elements. This is illustrated in the Figure below . The original, unstable nucleus is called the parent nucleus. After it loses a particle in this case a type of particle called an alpha particle , it forms a daughter nucleus, with a different number of protons.