Question

What kind of reaction adds water to an organic molecule and breaks the large molecule into smaller molecules?

Answer 1

hydration reaction

A hydration reaction is the opposite of a dehydration reaction. A hydration reaction adds water to an organic molecule and breaks the large molecule into smaller molecules. Hydration reactions occur in an acidic water solution. An example of hydration reaction is the breaking of peptide bonds in polypeptides. A hydroxide ion  OH -   and a hydrogen ion  H +    both from a water molecule  bond to the carbon atoms that formed the peptide bond. This breaks the peptide bond and results in two amino acids.