blastula
Cleavage and Blastula Stage The development of multi-cellular organisms begins from a single-celled zygote, which undergoes rapid cell division to form the blastula. The rapid, multiple rounds of cell division are termed cleavage. Cleavage is illustrated in Figure 43.24a . After the cleavage has produced over 100 cells, the embryo is called a blastula. The blastula is usually a spherical layer of cells the blastoderm surrounding a fluid-filled or yolk-filled cavity the blastocoel . Mammals at this stage form a structure called the blastocyst, characterized by an inner cell mass that is distinct from the surrounding blastula, shown in Figure 43.24b. During cleavage, the cells divide without an increase in mass; that is, one large single-celled zygote divides into multiple smaller cells. Each cell within the blastula is called a blastomere.