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Consider the synthesis of a compound with both a carboxylic acid and an alcohol functional group. How would you use protecting groups in organic synthesis to selectively modify only one of these functional groups while leaving the other intact during the synthesis process? Specifically, explain the steps and reagents used to protect and deprotect the functional groups in order to achieve the desired modification.

asked Feb 3 in Organic Chemistry by MargaritoCze (270 points)

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Calculate the quantity of heat required to melt 50.0 g of ice at its melting point (0°C). The enthalpy of fusion of water is 6.01 kJ/mol.

asked Feb 3 in ThermoChemistry by PenniGirardi (270 points)

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Calculate the standard enthalpy change (ΔH°) for the phase transition reaction of ice to water, given that the enthalpy of fusion for ice is 6.01 kJ/mol and the specific heat capacity of water is 4.18 J/g·°C. Express your answer in kJ/mol.

asked Feb 3 in Chemical thermodynamics by NicholKetcha (360 points)

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How does changing the reaction mechanism affect the rate of a chemical reaction, and what are the factors that influence this relationship?

asked Feb 3 in Chemical kinetics by Lola18079681 (370 points)

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Calculation of standard enthalpy change for the combustion of propane.If 5 moles of propane react completely in a bomb calorimeter under standard conditions, calculate the standard enthalpy change for the combustion of propane. The balanced chemical equation for the combustion of propane is:C3H8(g) + 5O2(g) → 3CO2(g) + 4H2O(g) Given the standard enthalpy of formation at 25°C and 1 atm for C3H8(g), CO2(g), H2O(g) are -103.8 kJ/mol, -393.5 kJ/mol and -241.8 kJ/mol respectively.

asked Feb 3 in Chemical thermodynamics by JettaIwm2099 (150 points)

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1 answer 52 views

How does the presence of chaperone proteins affect the folding of newly synthesized proteins?

asked Feb 3 in BioChemistry by MichaelaBrad (190 points)

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Consider the following equilibrium reaction:2NO(g) + Br2(g) ⇌ 2NOBr(g)If the initial concentration of NO is 0.10 M, Br2 is 0.20 M, and NOBr is 0.40 M, what would be the concentration of NOBr when additional Br2 is added such that its concentration is doubled? Calculate the new equilibrium concentration of NOBr assuming all other conditions remain the same.

asked Feb 3 in Chemical equilibrium by DieterMenend (500 points)

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1 answer 37 views

Design a distillation column that separates a mixture of benzene and toluene with a feed of 50 mol% benzene and 50 mol% toluene, into two product streams: one with a purity of 99% benzene and the other with a purity of 99% toluene. The total distillate flow rate should be 80% of the feed flow rate and the reflux ratio should be 1.5 times the minimum reflux ratio. Provide a complete design including the required stages, the reboiler duty, and the reflux flow rate.

asked Feb 3 in Chemical engineering by DarcyMast013 (530 points)

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Calculate the standard enthalpy change for the vaporization of 25 grams of water at 100 degrees Celsius and 1 atmosphere of pressure, given that the molar enthalpy of vaporization of water is 40.7 kJ/mol.

asked Feb 3 in Chemical thermodynamics by ChristyDarri (350 points)

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Calculate the standard enthalpy change for the vaporization of 25 g of liquid nitrogen at its boiling point assuming constant pressure is 1 atm. Given the molar heat of vaporization of nitrogen is 5.56 kJ/mol.

asked Feb 3 in Chemical thermodynamics by Manie9252773 (490 points)

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Design a counter-current heat exchanger to cool 10,000 liters per hour of cyclohexane at 110°C down to 50°C, while heating 7,500 liters per hour of water at 25°C up to 80°C. The cyclohexane will be cooled by water which enters the heat exchanger at 90°C and exits at 60°C. The overall heat transfer coefficient is expected to be 1,000 W/m2K. Determine the required heat transfer area and the pressure drop across the heat exchanger.

asked Feb 3 in Chemical engineering by Chloe9178313 (290 points)

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1 answer 44 views

Calculate the standard enthalpy change for the fusion of solid silver (Ag) at its melting point (961.78°C) to liquid silver (Ag) at the same temperature. Given the standard enthalpy of fusion of solid silver is 11.3 kJ/mol.

asked Feb 3 in Chemical thermodynamics by WiltonVeitch (270 points)

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1 answer 42 views

Calculate the standard enthalpy change for the reaction: 2Fe(s) + 3/2O2(g) → Fe2O3(s), given that the standard enthalpy of formation for Fe2O3(s) is -824.2 kJ/mol, the standard enthalpy of formation for Fe(s) is 0 kJ/mol, and the standard enthalpy of formation for O2(g) is 0 kJ/mol.

asked Feb 3 in Chemical thermodynamics by DanielleCand (370 points)

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1 answer 48 views

Calculate the standard electrode potential (E°) for the redox reaction of the following half-reactions:Cu2+(aq) + 2e- → Cu(s) E° = +0.34 VFe3+(aq) + e- → Fe2+(aq) E° = +0.77 V

asked Feb 3 in Chemical thermodynamics by RandyRichart (370 points)

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1 answer 42 views

Calculate the standard enthalpy change for the reaction: 2 NaOH(aq) + H2SO4(aq) → Na2SO4(aq) + 2 H2O(l)Given the following data:ΔHf°(NaOH) = -469.14 kJ/molΔHf°(H2SO4) = -814.00 kJ/molΔHf°(Na2SO4) = -1388.40 kJ/molΔHf°(H2O(l)) = -285.83 kJ/mol

asked Feb 3 in Chemical thermodynamics by BethanyMcRae (370 points)

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1 answer 37 views

Design a chemical reactor that can efficiently convert 100 kg/hr of propane gas to propylene gas at a temperature of 500°C and a pressure of 2 atm. The desired conversion rate is 90%, while minimizing the production of unwanted byproducts. The reactor must also be safe and economically feasible, with a maximum capital cost of $1.5 million and a minimum expected lifetime of 10 years. What type of reactor, catalyst, and operating conditions would you recommend and why?

asked Feb 3 in Chemical engineering by FCRJohnnie31 (470 points)

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1 answer 37 views

Design a chemical reactor system for the production of 500 kg/hr of methanol (CH3OH) through the reaction of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen gas (H2). The reactor should operate at a pressure of 100 atm and a temperature of 300°C, and must achieve a minimum conversion rate of 80%. Determine the type of reactor needed and its dimensions, as well as the required flow rates of CO and H2 gas to meet the production target.

asked Feb 3 in Chemical engineering by GwendolynBer (330 points)

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1 answer 47 views

Calculate the standard enthalpy change (∆H°) for the dissolution of 5.00 g of solid NaOH in 100.0 mL of water, given that the temperature of the solution increased from 25.0°C to 27.5°C. The density of the solution is 1.00 g/mL and the specific heat capacity of the solution is 4.18 J/(g°C). The molar mass of NaOH is 40.00 g/mol.

asked Feb 3 in Chemical thermodynamics by JonahFrederi (411 points)

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Design a chemical reactor for the production of ethylene oxide through the direct oxidation of ethylene. The reactor should have a production rate of 100 tons per day and maintain a constant temperature of 250°C. Assume a feed composition of 90% ethylene and 10% oxygen. The reactor should also have a conversion efficiency of at least 95%. Compute the necessary reactor volume and the optimal flow rate of ethylene and oxygen to achieve the desired production rate and conversion efficiency.

asked Feb 3 in Chemical engineering by MaryanneKuef (290 points)

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1 answer 42 views

Calculate the standard enthalpy change for the reaction of the coordination compound Cu(NH3)4SO4 with excess NaOH to form Cu(OH)2(s), NH3(g), Na2SO4(aq), and H2O(l) at a constant pressure of 1 atm and a temperature of 25°C.

asked Feb 3 in Chemical thermodynamics by CorazonBentl (270 points)

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